![]() Lymphoma Immunophenotype of Dogs Determined by Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, and Polymerase Chain Reaction for Antigen Receptor Rearrangements. Topics in companion animal medicine, 24(3), 144-150.Ģ Thalheim, L, Williams, LE, Borst, LB, Fogle, JE and Suter, SE. Molecular diagnostics of hematologic malignancies. If your dog is facing this diverse and sometimes confusing disease, ask your veterinarian to discuss with you all of the available diagnostic and treatment options, so you can work together and determine the best course of action for your dog.ġ Avery, A. ![]() However, it is the only test described here that can detect lymphoma when only a few neoplastic cells are present. 2 PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements is prone to both false positive and false negative results, and has failed to positively identify an estimated 10 percent to 25 percent of lymphoma cases. Flow cytometry requires live cells, so samples must be chilled and sent overnight to the laboratory, but it has been shown to be more accurate than PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements when compared to immunohistochemical staining. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining provide more detail on the architecture of cells and therefore the sub-type of lymphoma present. Many factors determine which of these tests should be run for any individual patient. If it shows many cells with the same genes, they are suspected to be clones of a single cell, denoting malignancy. PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements is an advanced test using a polymerase chain reaction technique to amplify DNA and assess the variable regions of B- and T-cell receptors.Similar to flow cytometry, labelled antibodies bind to specific proteins on the cell surface, but they are visualized under the microscope instead of passed through a laser. Immunohistochemical staining is performed on cells from a fine needle aspirate or biopsy that have been fixed to a slide.When labelled cells pass through a light source, the fluorescent intensity detected by the instrument correlates with the presence of that specific surface marker. Antibodies attached to fluorescent dyes and specific for surface markers are applied to the sample cells. ![]()
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